What are the different types of tracking devices and the technology used?
Today there is a diverse range of tracking devices, powered by various technologies, available to the everyday consumer. Let’s look at what’s available.
The Technologies Underpinning Tracking
It’s helpful to understand the core technologies that make them work. These are the main technologies behind most trackers today:
- GPS (Global Positioning System): This is perhaps the most well-known tracking technology. GPS devices receive signals from a constellation of satellites orbiting Earth to pinpoint their exact location with remarkable accuracy. This makes them ideal for real-time, wide-area tracking of anything that moves outdoors. However, GPS signals can be hampered indoors or in areas with heavy obstruction.
- Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE): Bluetooth trackers work by emitting a low-power radio signal that can be detected by compatible devices, typically smartphones or other trackers within a certain range (usually up to 100 metres, though some “Pro” versions extend this). When a Bluetooth tracker comes within range of a device connected to its network (like Apple’s Find My network or Tile’s network), its location is updated. BLE is energy-efficient, making it great for small, battery-powered devices, but its range is limited.
- RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification): RFID tags use electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. They consist of a microchip and an antenna. Unlike Bluetooth or GPS, RFID tags often don’t require their own power source; they are “read” by an RFID reader. This technology is more commonly found in inventory management and supply chains, but some consumer applications exist for very short-range identification.
- Cellular/GSM: Many GPS trackers incorporate cellular technology (like 4G LTE) to transmit location data over mobile phone networks. This allows for real-time tracking over vast distances, as long as there’s mobile network coverage. These devices typically require a SIM card and a subscription plan.
Tracking Devices for Every Need
Now, let’s look at how these technologies are applied in consumer tracking devices:
Car Trackers
Whether you’re concerned about theft, want to monitor a teen driver, or simply keep tabs on a valuable classic car, car trackers offer robust solutions.
- GPS Vehicle Trackers: These are the most common. Many plug directly into your car’s OBD-II port (On-Board Diagnostics) for easy installation and power, while others are hardwired for more discreet placement. They often offer real-time location updates, geofencing (alerts when the vehicle enters or leaves a defined area), speed alerts, and even driving history reports. Some advanced models integrate with Bluetooth for additional features or diagnostics.
- Magnetic GPS Trackers: These battery-powered devices can be discreetly attached to the exterior or interior of a vehicle, offering a portable solution for temporary tracking or when a permanent installation isn’t desired. Battery life is a key consideration here.
Pet Trackers
Losing a beloved pet is a nightmare for any owner. Pet trackers provide a crucial layer of security.
- GPS Pet Trackers: These small, lightweight devices typically attach to a pet’s collar. They use GPS to provide real-time location tracking, allowing you to see your pet’s whereabouts on a map via a smartphone app. Many include geofencing, activity monitoring (steps, sleep), and even waterproof designs for adventurous pets. Brands like Tractive and Garmin are popular in this space.
- Bluetooth Pet Trackers: Devices like Apple AirTag or Tile can be used on pets. While they leverage the vast network of smartphones (e.g., all iPhones in the “Find My” network), their range is limited by Bluetooth. This means they are most effective for finding a pet that’s gone missing nearby, rather than over long distances. They are generally more affordable and have longer battery life than GPS trackers.
Luggage Trackers
The thought of lost luggage can put a damper on any trip. Luggage trackers offer a simple way to keep an eye on your bags.
- Bluetooth Luggage Trackers: Apple AirTags, Samsung SmartTags, and Tile Mate are prime examples. These small, coin-sized trackers can be slipped inside your luggage. They rely on their respective networks (e.g., the vast network of Apple devices for AirTags) to update their location when they come within range of another device in that network. This is incredibly useful for tracking bags through airports and even seeing if they made it onto your flight.
- GPS Luggage Trackers: While less common for the average consumer due to battery life and cost, some dedicated GPS trackers can be used for luggage. These offer more precise, real-time tracking, but typically require a cellular subscription and regular charging.
Considerations When Choosing a Tracker
When selecting a tracking device, consider these factors:
- Purpose: What are you tracking, and why? This will determine the most suitable technology.
- Range: Do you need wide-area tracking (GPS) or short-range proximity finding (Bluetooth)?
- Battery Life: How long do you need the device to last on a single charge or battery?
- Connectivity/Subscription: Does the device require a cellular plan or a subscription service?
- Durability: Will it withstand the elements or rough handling?
- Size and Weight: Is it small and light enough for its intended use?
- Privacy and Security: Understand how your location data is handled.